Not a lot, no.
While, sure, we’ve had plenty of heretics and branches off over the millennia (who eventually cease to be Jewish – see generally, Nazarines), we know (as we believed), thanks to the Dead Sea Scrolls, that very little, if any of the Tanakh (the whole Bible, less the Nazarine’s additions) has changed for ~2100 years, down to specific spellings and page brakes.
Hence why the perfect copying of scrolls. And while the older documents (going back to 1500BCE) are exceptionally rare, we do have a copy of the Shema (the core statement of Judaism) from that time period.
Similarly, the Talmud (which was oral until Babylonia and so does have largely stylistic differences between versions that were created thousands of miles and many years apart) is remarkably similar in all its versions.
So, faith aside, yes, there is extremely persuasive evidence that Judaism has not changed in any meaningful way.
So, no, the core beliefs and practices of Orthodox Judaism have not changed.
Sure there are new things to deal with like the Internet to turkeys (is it kosher? – yes) to elevators, but the guiding principals have remained.
But, yes, I agree the power of society-at-large is great. Hence, why my people are (and believe we are directed to be) “a people apart.” We participate in society, but are not part of it.
It’s worked to preserve a core of us for 3600 years (going from Mt. Sinai, not even Abraham)-- that’s about 1,000 years before Buddha apparently walked the Earth, to put it in perspective.
And now a joke.
Q: What’s the difference between Donald Trump and a Reform Jewish woman?
A: Donald Trump has Jewish grandchildren.