[quote]jsbrook wrote:
What do you define as liberal? Those aren’t particularly liberal policies.
[/quote]
That’s actually a very good question. Honestly, today in the US “liberal” has become a label that is attached to anyone that does not agree with the Republicans… In reality nobody really knows what the word means anymore.
One of the greatest contrasts is between the usage in the United States and usage in Continental Europe. In the US, liberalism is usually contrasted with conservatism, and American liberals support broader tolerance and more readily embrace multiculturalism and positive discrimination. In Europe, on the other hand, liberalism is not only contrasted with conservatism and Christian Democracy, but also with social democracy and socialism.
So, in Europe, I’d personally be a Social-Democrat, while over here people call me a Liberal.
The positions that Vroom quotes are in tune with the European definition of Liberalism, but definitely not with the US one.
Some Americans define liberals as those who support the use of government to promote equality.
The following views are associated with American liberalism, though many people who consider themselves liberal would accept some of these views and reject others:
* Support for government social programs such as welfare, medical care, unemployment benefits, and retirement programs.
* Support for increased funding for public education.
* Support for trade unions, teachers' unions, and government protections for organized labor.
* Regulation of business - OSHA, against child labor, monopolistic practices, etc.
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Support for civil rights:
o Support laws against discrimination based on gender, race, age, religion, sexual orientation, or disability.
o Support laws guaranteeing rights of women and minorities, particularly racial and religious minorities, the disabled, and gays.
o Support for such programs as affirmative action and transitional multi-lingual educational programs for children whose first language is not English.
o Support broad voting rights.
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Support for reproductive rights
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Support for strong environmental regulations.
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Support for public transportation.
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Support for minimum wage requirements.
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Support for government funding to alternative energy research.
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Opposition to the death penalty.
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Support for animal rights - as an issue of ethical human behavior.
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Support for gun control.
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Support for a progressive tax system.
European liberalism turned back to more laissez-faire policies in the 1980’s and 1990’s, and, contrary to the US counterparts, supported privatisation and liberalisation in health care, and other public sectors – all of which failed miserably. Even so, modern European liberals still tend to believe in a smaller role for government than would be supported by most social democrats (like myself), let alone socialists or communists.
What is common to both is a belief that economies should be decentralized. In general, contemporary liberals do not believe that the government should directly control any industrial production through state owned enterprises, which places them in opposition to social democrats.
Liberals generally believe in neutral government, in the sense that it is not for the state to determine social values. As John Rawls put it, “The state has no right to determine a particular conception of the good life”. In the United States this neutrality is expressed in the constitutional right to “pursue happiness”.
Therefore Liberals believe the state should have an open mind in ethical questions. Both in Europe as well as in the United States, ‘liberals’ support the ‘pro choice’ movement and advocate equal rights for women and for homosexuals. In Europe liberals were - together with other secular forces - far more succcesful in realizing this goals, despite government cooperation with conservative forces.
All liberal parties are secular, but they differ on the issue of anti-clericalism. Liberal parties in Latin countries today tend to be very anti-clerical.
Economic liberals today stress the importance of a free market and free trade, and seek to limit government intervention in the economy. (Main article: Economic liberalism). However, modern liberal movements often agree in principle with the idea of free trade, but maintain some skepticism, seeing unrestricted trade as leading to the growth of multi-national corporations and the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of the few.
In the post-war consensus on the welfare state in Europe, liberals supported government responsibility for health, education, and alleviating poverty while still besides that insisting upon a market based on independent exchange. Liberals agree that a high quality of health care and education should be available for all citizens, but differ in the degree of the government task in these matters.
Since poverty is a threat to personal liberty, liberalism seeks a balance between individual responsibility of people for their own future and the community responsibility for those who are not able to earn a sufficient income, to give security from the hazards of sickness, unemployment, disability and old age.
For further reading on this, consult the Bibliography at
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liberalism/