Paul Kelso (RIP) put together what is, in my opinion, the best beginner training program/recommendation of exercises I’ve ever seen in Powerlifitng Basics Texas Style. I don’t want to re-create the whole thing here, as people should buy the book and read it, but as a quick summary (listed in order of preference for a trainee)
1: High bar squat, low bar squat, front squat, hip belt squat
2: Flat bench, incline or close grip bench, DB bench, parallel bar dip
3: Strict press to the front, behind the neck press, DB strict press, push press, jerk
4: High pulls from floor, power clean from floor, hang high pulls or cleans, standing high pulls with trap bar
5: Bent over rows or chins or pulldowns, one arm DB rows
6: Conventional deadlifts, SLDLs, trap bar lift or straight legged trap bar lift, partial deadlifts
7: Barbell curl, alternative arm hammer curl, reverse curls
8: Donkey calf raises, one-db calf raises, machine calf raises
9: Ab work (whatever you want)
10: Shrug variations (kelso shrugs or bench shrugs)
Stuart McRobert is a fan of such lists as well, and details stuff like this in Brawn and Beyond Brawn.